Snell's Law — n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂)
Drag the incident angle and change media. Watch the ray bend at the boundary.
n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂) → θ₂ = —°
Refractive index comparison
Law of Reflection — θᵢ = θᵣ
Angle of incidence always equals angle of reflection. Explore flat and curved mirrors.
θᵢ = θᵣ = —° | Normal is perpendicular to surface
Multiple reflections path
Thin Lens Equation — 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
Move the object distance. The image forms according to the lens formula. Try diverging lenses too!
1/v = 1/f − 1/u → v = — cm (m = —)
Image distance vs Object distance
Magnification vs Object distance
Electromagnetic Spectrum — c = fλ
Explore wavelength, frequency, and energy across the EM spectrum. c = 3×10⁸ m/s.
c = fλ → f = c/λ = — THz | E = hf = — eV